History

The Senate concurred by 38 Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 22:50:52 +0000
The minority was determined to prevent its passage by dilatory motions, or " talking against time." In spite of the opposition the rules were suspended and the bill was passed by 135 ayes to 48 noes. The Senate concurred by 38 ayes to 10 noes.

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It was a measure previously Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 22:40:49 +0000
The first of the drastic Reconstruction measures was a law. Equally hurried with the passage of the Reconstruction bill over the Presidential veto was the action of Congress on the Tenure-of -Office bill. It was a measure previously unknown in the usage of the Fed- eral Government.

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It was not passed Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 22:23:47 +0000
It grew out of the excitement and bitterness inci- dent to the conflict between Congress and the President and a fear of the aggressions of the Executive. It was not a measure in conso- nance with the traditions or tendencies of the Republican party, and it was adopted with doubts and misgivings. It was not passed with any feeling of satisfaction or pride by the party, and when the Ad- ministration ceased to vex the Congress it was quickly repealed, be- cause it was felt to be personally degrading to the incumbent of the Presidential office.

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The principal business Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 22:07:29 +0000
After the adjournment of the 39th Congress the 40th Congress was speedily organized. Mr Colfax was again elected Speaker. The principal business of the session was to perfect the Reconstruction Act of the previous Congress.

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This bill declared that " Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:52:20 +0000
This provided for impartial suffrage, but it was lacking in the detail necessary to its practical operation. The first of the Supplementary bills was passed on the 19th of March. This bill declared that " if the Constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the votes of the registered electors qualified to vote, at least one-half of all the registered voters voting upon the question, a copy of the same, duly certified, shall be transmitted to the President of the United States, who shall forthwith transmit the same to Con- gress, and if it shall appear to Congress that the election was one at which all the registered and qualified electors in the State had an opportunity to vote freely and without restraint, fear, or the influence of fraud, and if Congress shall be satisfied that such Constitution meets the approval of a majority of all the qualified electors in the State, and if the said Constitution shall be declared by Congress to be in conformity with the provisions of the act to which this is supplementary, and the other provisions of said act shall have been complied with and the said Constitution shall have been approved by Congress, the State shall be declared entitled to representation, and Senators and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom as therein provided.

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The result was Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:34:03 +0000
" When Congress adjourned on the 30th of March it was for a recess until the 3d of July. In the meantime Henry Stanbery, who had be- come Attorney-General upon the reconstruction of the Cabinet in 1866, gave two opinions intended to neutralize the effects of both acts. The result was that the July session was devoted to the passage of a second Supplementary Act, again over the President's veto, to meet the objections and obstructions suggested by the Attorney- General.

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The President was hostile Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:22:12 +0000
With this act the Reconstruction measures of Congress were complete, and General Grant was invested with an authority over the recalcitrant States that was independent of the will or power of the President. The Military Governors assigned to the new and responsible duties under the Reconstruction acts were Major-General Schofield for the district of Virginia; Major-General Sickles for the district of North and South Carolina; Major-General Pope for the district of Georgia, Alabama, and Florida; Major-General Ord for the district of Missis- sippi and Arkansas, and Major-General Sheridan for the district of Louisiana and Texas. The President was hostile to Pope, Sickles, and Sheridan, and through his intervention they were replaced by Meade, Canby, and Hancock, respectively.

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Similar measures soon followed for Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 21:10:59 +0000
Under these military rulers the real work of Reconstruction in the rebellious States was begun and carried forward to completion. Arkansas having ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution and complied with the provisions of the Reconstruction acts, a bill was introduced in the House by Mr Stevens, May 7, 1868, to admit the State to repre- sentation in Congress. Similar measures soon followed for the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, and Florida.

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With the return Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:53:42 +0000
All these bills were vetoed by the President and passed over his veto. Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas were not restored until 1870. With the return of the States to the Union under the terms of Con- gress military government ceased, and the period of Reconstruction came to an end.

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The undertaking was passionate Post Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2008 20:38:44 +0000
Character and Acts of President Johnson Cabinet Changes The Philadelphia Convention of 1866 The Arm-in- Arm Fiasco Mr Raymond's Last Effort Northern and Southern Conventions- Leaders For and Against the Administration James Speed- Address of the Southern Loyalists " Swinging Around the Circle " The President's Stump Speeches Soldiers' Conven- tion at Cleveland Soldiers' and Seamen's Convention at Pitts- burg Efforts at Impeachment in Congress Removal of Secre- tary Stautou The President Impeached by the House of Repre- sentatives Tried by the Senate The Managers on Behalf of the House The Counsel for the President Impeachment Fails A Mistaken Remedy. HE impeachment of President Johnson by the House of Rep- resentatives was the closing drama of the stirring epoch of Reconstruction. The undertaking was passionate and ill-advised, but the President must take a share of the blame because of his infirmities of temper, his want of tact, and his persistent wrong-headedness.

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