History

The manner of the de- Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 9:37:50 +0000
On the 9th of November, Captain Wilkes, of the United States steamer " San Jacinto," seized the persons of James M. Mason and John Slidell, Ministers from the Southern Confederacy to Great Britain and France, respectively, on board the British mail steamer " Trent," from Havana to Kingston. The manner of the de- mand for the surrender of these rebel commissioners was as peremp- tory and offensive as it was possible to make it.

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It was afterward contended, notably Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 9:23:21 +0000
Mr Seward made the surrender and virtually the required apology. The Secretary of State placed the surrender on the ground that Captain Wilkes had not brought the " Trent " into a Prize Court and submitted the whole question to a judicial examination. It was afterward contended, notably by Senator Sumner, that we could not have refused to sur- render Mason and Slide! 1 without trampling on our own principles and in disregard of the precedents we had sought to establish.

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The neutrality of Great Britain Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 9:12:52 +0000
This was a sounder legal view than the ground taken by Mr Seward, but it was the manner of the demand rather than the demand itself that sank deep into the hearts of the American people, and renewed the old feeling of hostility to England that nearly forty years have not been able entirely to eradicate. America never has forgotten and never can forget that Great Britain was preparing to go to war with us not to right a wrong done to her sovereignty, but to divide the Union. The neutrality of Great Britain and Prance the malignant neu- trality, as it has been fitly called left many questions for settlement after the war that were necessarily kept in abeyance while the war lasted.

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" The 1 Georgia,' " Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 8:56:19 +0000
In according ocean belligerency to the Confederate States these great powers were guilty of a crime against an independent nation. The character of this neutrality was vigorously described in the indignant protest of Minister Dayton, when the Confederate steamer " Georgia " received a hospitable welcome at Brest. " The 1 Georgia,' " Mr Dayton said, " like the ' Florida,' the ' Alabama,' and other scourges of peaceful commerce, was born of that unhappy de- cree which gave the rebels, who did not own a ship-of-war or com- mand a single port, the right of an ocean belligerent.

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To dignify such vessels Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 8:36:24 +0000
Thus encour- aged by foreign powers, they began to build and fit out in neutral ports a class of vessels constructed mainly for speed, and whose ac- knowledged mission is not to fight, but to rob, to burn, and to fly. Although the smoke of burning ships has everywhere marked the track of the ' Georgia ' and the ' Florida ' upon the ocean, they have never sought a foe or fired a gun against an armed enemy. To dignify such vessels with the name of ships-of-war seems to me, with defer- euce, a misnomer.

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Manned by foreign seamen, armed Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 8:17:48 +0000
Whatever flag may fly from their masthead, or whatever power may claim to own them, their conduct stamps them as piratical. If vessels of war, even, they would by this conduct have justly forfeited all courtesies in the ports of neutral nations. Manned by foreign seamen, armed by foreign guns, entering no home port, and waiting no judicial condemnation of prizes, they have already- devastated and destroyed our commerce to an extent, as compared with their number, beyond anything known in the records of pri- vateering.

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He told the House Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 8:04:53 +0000
" When the question of recognizing the Southern Confederacy was before Parliament, William Gladstone, who was forgiven for un- kindness by America before he died, was Chancellor of the Ex- chequer. He opposed recognition, but not on grounds calculated to endear him to the American people. He told the House that " the main result of the American contest is not, humanely speaking, in any degree doubtful.

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" " We do not," said Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 7:51:44 +0000
" He thought " there never was a war of more destructive, more deplorable, more hopeless character." The contest, in his judgment, was " a miserable one." " We do not," said he, " be- lieve that the restoration of the American Union by force is attain- able.

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" The " honorable and learned Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 7:38:13 +0000
I believe that the public opinion of this country is unanimous upon that subject. It is not, therefore, from indifference, it is not from any belief that this war is waged for any adequate or worthy object on the part of the North, that I would venture to deprecate in the strongest terms the adoption of the motion of the honorable and learned gentleman." The " honorable and learned gentleman " was Mr Roebuck, who, in a debate in the House of Commons in 1864, de- clared that " the whole proceedings in this American war are a blot upon human nature; and when I am told that I should have sym- pathy for the Northern States of America, I turn in absolute disgust from their hypocrisy.

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" It was not until Post Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2008 7:26:06 +0000
If there is a sink of political iniquity, it is at Washington. They are corrupt; they are base; they are cowardly; they are cruel." It was not until the eve of President Grant's inauguration that the wrongs resulting from the unfriendly course of Great Britain were put in train for settlement.

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