History

If the objects aimed Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 22:32:44 +0000
The Senators from the South during the brief period of Republican su- premacy were fully equal, as regards intelligence and integrity, to their successors, and, it may be added, to their predecessors. It can not be denied that the negroes elected to Congress made creditable Representatives. If the objects aimed at by the majority in Congress during the periods of Reconstruction and Restoration were unaccom- plished, or only partly accomplished, it was because prejudice stood in the way of principle because a great and noble purpose was thwarted by narrow personal and partisan interests.

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By the Act of April Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 22:19:31 +0000
In the end the results will justify the wisdom of Congress and of Republican policy. A glance at the legislation of Congress, affecting the South during General Grant's administration, is necessary to a complete under- standing of the efforts that were made by the Government to meet the dangerous situation created by the desperate elements of the Southern States. By the Act of April 20, 1871, " to enforce the pro- visions of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States " (commonly known as the Ku-Klux Act, or the En- forcement Act), the President was empowered to go to the extreme length of suspending the writ of Habeas Corpus where peace and order could not otherwise be restored.

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'' A standing grievance Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 22:06:25 +0000
Before acting under the provisions of that vigorous statute, General Grant gave warning to the Southern people by proclamation, May 3, 1871, that they might themselves, by good behavior, prevent the necessity of its enforcement. " Sensible," said the President, " of the responsibility imposed upon the Executive by the Act of Congress to which public attention is now called, and reluctant to call into exercise any of the ordinary powers thereby con- ferred upon me, except in case of imperative necessity, I do, neverthe- less, deem it my duty to make known that I will not hesitate to ex- haust the powers thus vested in the Executive whenever and wher- ever it shall become necessary to do so, for the purpose of securing to all citizens of the United States the peaceful enjoyment of the rights guaranteed to them by the Constitution and laws.'' A standing grievance of the Democratic party throughout the seven years following the war was the political disability affecting large classes in the Southern States under the Fourteenth Amend- ment to the Constitution.

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Then, in 1871, came Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:55:24 +0000
In many cases this disability was removed by special acts of Congress, beginning with Roderick Butler, of Tennessee, in 1868. The 40th Congress extended amnesty to fully fifteen hundred persons, and the number of those relieved by the 41st Congress reached thirty-three hundred. Then, in 1871, came the Amnesty bill, which left under disability participants in the Rebellion not exceeding seven hundred and fifty persons.

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We are desirous of being Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:38:18 +0000
The passage of this measure was delayed by the unwillingness of the Democratic party to accept political amnesty for their political friends in the South in conjunction with the liberation of the colored man from odious personal discrimination. When the Amnesty bill came before the House Mr Rainey, of South Carolina, speaking for his race, said : u It is not the disposition of my constituents that these disabilities should longer be retained. We are desirous of being magnanimous: it may be that we are so to a fault.

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But while we are willing Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:26:41 +0000
Nevertheless, we have open and frank hearts toward those who were our former oppressors and task- masters. We foster no enmitv now, and we desire to foster none, for their acts in the past to us or to the Government we love so well. But while we are willing to accord them their enfranchisement and here to-day cast our votes that they may be amnestied; while we declare our hearts open and free from any vindictive feelings toward them, Ave Avould say to those gentlemen on the other side that there is an- other class of citizens in the country who haAe certain rights and im- munities Avhich they would like you, sirs, to remember and respect.

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In the House the Amnesty Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:15:52 +0000
We invoke you, gentlemen, to show the same kindly feeling toward us, a race long oppressed, and in demonstration of this hu- man and just feeling I implore you, give support to the Civil Rights bill, Avhich he have been asking at your hands lo! these many days." The Civil Rights bill, which was originated by Mr Simmer, was not made a part of the Amnesty bill, because the former could be passed by the majority, w T hile the latter required a two-thirds vote. In the House the Amnesty bill Avas passed before the passage of the Civil Rights bill Avas pressed, but the Senate determined that the two measures should keep even pace, and the Civil Rights bill Avas first adopted.

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This oc- curred Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 21:04:07 +0000
The Amnesty bill Avas then passed. The Civil Rights bill, as it passed the Senate, was amended so as to eliminate provisions relating to equality in jury service and the public schools. This oc- curred in the absence of Mr Sumner.

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In January, 1874, Mr Sumner Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 20:47:51 +0000
Simmer afterward voted against the Amnesty bill in consequence, and the Civil Rights bill failed in the Plouse through Democratic opposition. This was in 1872. In January, 1874, Mr Sumner again introduced his Civil Rights bill in the Senate, but the period of reaction had already begun, and it was too late to secure the measure of justice for the negro.

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The conditions imposed upon Post Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2008 20:37:02 +0000
For many years the black man was practically disfranchised in the South, and he is even now only slowly gaining his rights as a citizen. It is impossible to contemplate the condition of the South during the first decade after the war without an impulse of pity stronger than the feelings of indignation that the outrages of the Ku-Klux naturally inspire. The conditions imposed upon the South were never tyrannical they Avere not even harsh.

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