History

Baker, of Indiana, and Horace Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 17:14:02 +0000
Thomas Ewing, and William McKinley, of Ohio; Thomas M. Browne and William M. Baker, of Indiana, and Horace Davis, of California.

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Mr Randall received 149 votes Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 16:56:47 +0000
Of these new men William McKinley was destined to take the highest rank. The new House of Representatives was organized October 15, 1877, a special session of Congress being rendered necessary by the failure of the Army Appropriation bill at the preceding session. Mr Randall received 149 votes for Speaker to 132 for James Garfield.

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The Senate refused to concur Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 16:40:18 +0000
From July until October, 1877, the army was maintained without lawful ap- propriations. The cause of this condition of affairs was the deter- mination of the Democrats in the 44th Congress that a provision should be inserted in the bill for the support of the army forbidding its use in maintaining what was known as the Packard State govern- ment in Louisiana. The Senate refused to concur in this amendment, and the bill was lost.

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The Senate stood firm, notwith- Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 16:27:19 +0000
The whole question was reopened as soon as the 45th Congress was organized, and it was the chief subject of con- troversy during the first two years of President Hayes' administra- tion. Although Packard's claim to be Governor of Louisiana was bet- ter than that upon which General Hayes was awarded the electoral vote of the State, the President was determined from the outset, after his inauguration, to disregard the State elections in the three States on which his own title depended. The Senate stood firm, notwith- standing the President's surrender, and the amendment again failed on the eve of the final adjournment, March 3, 1879.

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It w T Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 16:10:06 +0000
The necessary appropriations were again withheld, notwithstanding the course of the Executive in preventing the use of the troops in protecting col- ored citizens at the polls in the Southern States. The result of this policy of President Hayes was the practical disfranchisement of the colored voters of the South, and the surrender of every Southern State to the Democratic party. It w T as a policy that gave great um- brage to Republicans everywhere, and assured a third triumph for the Democrats in the elections for members of Congress in 1878.

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The question at issue was Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 15:56:53 +0000
As the Democrats had a temporary majority in the Senate in the 40th Congress, they finally succeeded in forcing the repeal of the kiws pro- viding protection for all citizens in the South. The distinctive measure of the 45th Congress was the passage of the Act for the coinage of the silver dollar. The question at issue was practically the same that was decided in the election of President McKinley in 1890, but parties had not yet divided on the use or disuse of a double standard.

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" He earnestly urged Con- gress Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 15:37:05 +0000
All the operations of the Government, as an essential element in the resumption of specie payments, were con- ducted on a gold basis. Mr Sherman, the Secretary of the Treasury, in his first annual report in 1877, said that in the work of refunding, he had informed his associates in an official letter that " as the Gov- eminent exacts in payment for bonds their full face in coin, it is not anticipated that any future legislation of Congress or any action of any Department of the Government will sanction or tolerate the re- demption of the principal of these bonds, or the payments of the in- terest thereon in coin of less value than the coin authorized by law at the time of their issue being gold coin." He earnestly urged Con- gress to give its sanction to this assurance.

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" A motion to refer Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 15:26:37 +0000
The President, in his mes- sage, also declared that if the United States had the right to pay its bonds in silver coin the benefit would be overbalanced by the injurious effects of such payments against the honest convictions of the public creditors. In direct hostility to these recommendations, Mr Matthews, Mr Sherman's successor in the Senate, moved a concurrent resolution, declaring that " all bonds of the United States are payable in silver dollars of 412^ grains, and that to restore such dollars as a full legal tender for that purpose is not a violation of public faith or the rights of the creditor." A motion to refer the resolution to the Committee on the Judiciary was defeated ayes, 19; nays, 31.

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In the meantime a bill Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 15:15:04 +0000
It was kept before the Senate for immediate consideration and discussion. Thirty-four Senators made elaborately prepared speeches on the subject, and the resolution was finally adopted without amendment as a declaration of the financial creed of Congress. In the meantime a bill for the free coinage of silver dollars of 412| grains, to be full legal tender- for all debts, public and private, had been hastily passed by the House, and was pending in the Senate.

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The bill was vetoed Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 14:56:31 +0000
This was the famous Bland Silver Dollar bill. There was another long debate by the senatorial financiers, after which the measure was adopted by the two Houses, with amend- ments limiting the coinage to not less than $2,000,000 or more than $4,000,000 per month, all seigniorage to accrue to the Treasury, and authorizing the President to propose an international conference for the adoption of a common ratio for gold and silver. The bill was vetoed by President Hayes, but was passed over the veto.

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