The 40th Congress may

The 40th Congress may Post Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2008 2:37:25 +0000
In Ohio, in Indiana, and in Illinois, in all the States of the Northwest, the Republican victories were repetitions of the triumphs of 1864. The President's policy was rebuked with a unanimity and resentment never before exhibited by the people in the condemnation of a recreant Adminis- tration. The 40th Congress may be considered a virtual continuation of its predecessor, for provision had been made for its assembling' immediately upon the adjournment of the 39th Con- gress.

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1. - Descending from a line Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 2:58:38 +0000
LAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE, second son of Ephraim Elaine and Maria Gillespie, was born at Indian Hill Farm, West Brownsville, Washington County, Pa, January 31, 1830. Descending from a line of hardy and energetic Scotch-Irish ancestors, he inherited many of their characteristics, and carefully cultivated his inheritance by a broad and liberal education/ His great-grandfather, Colonel Ephraim Elaine (1741-1804), was a per- sonal and trusted friend of Washington, an officer of Pennsylvania troops in the Revolutionary War, and for several years (1778-83) the commissary-general of the northern department of his command.

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2. - Ephraim's wife, Maria Gillespie, was Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 2:41:40 +0000
He drew liberally upon his private purse, especially during the winter at Valley Forge. His ancestors were among the founders of Carlisle, Pa, and from the Cumberland Valley Mr Elaine's father, Ephraim , removed to Washington County in 1818, having previously traveled in Europe and South America, and inheriting a large fortune in lands in Western Pennsylvania, where he served as a prothonotary. Ephraim's wife, Maria Gillespie, was a woman of superior intelligence and force of character, and a devout Roman Catholic, but their illus- trious son always adhered to the Presbyterian communion and con- victions of his paternal Scotch-Irish ancestry.

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3. - " He had a decided taste Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 2:31:36 +0000
James Elaine was educated in his native town and at a school in Lancaster, Ohio, where he lived with a relative, Hon Thomas Ewing, then Secretary of the Treasury. Afterward, with Thomas Ewing, Jr, as a fellow-student, lie began his preparation for college under Will- iam Lyons, a brother of Lord Lyons, of England, and at the age of thirteen entered Washington College, in his native county, from which he was graduated in 1847, sharing with an associate the highest honors in his class, and delivering the English salutatory and an oration on " The Duty of the Educated American." He had a decided taste for history, excelled in literature and mathematics, and, it is said, could recite " Plutarch's Lives " when only nine years old.

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4. - Eeturning to his native State Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 2:21:07 +0000
In the college literary society he displayed the political capacity and aptitude which marked his entire career. After graduation, he became a teacher for about three years in the Western Military Institute at Blue Lick Springs, Ky, where he met Miss Harriet Stanwood, of Maine, who was attending a young ladies' seminary in Millersburg, and whom he soon married. Eeturning to his native State, Mr Elaine entered upon the study of law, and later became, for two years, a teacher in the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind at Philadelphia, having charge of the higher classes in science and literature.

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5. - He purchased a half interest Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 2:09:36 +0000
Here his " brilliant mental powers were exactly qualified to enlighten and instruct the interesting minds before him." In 1854 Mr Elaine removed to Augusta, Maine, which city was ever afterward his home. He purchased a half interest in, and became editor of, the Kennebec Journal, and speedily made his influence felt through his ready faculty and trenchant writings.

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6. - His earnest and incisive discussions Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 1:53:10 +0000
In three years he was a recognized leader in the politics of the State. With character- istic energy he engaged in the organization of the Eepublican party, and in 1856 was sent as a delegate to the first Eepublican National Convention, which nominated Fremont for President; and his report of this convention, which he made in a speech before a public meeting on his return home, established his reputation as a speaker and orator. His earnest and incisive discussions of the conflict between freedom and slavery were meanwhile attracting wide attention, and by assuming the editorship of the Portland Advertiser in 1857, he materially broadened his journalistic work, which, however, ended with the commencement of his parliamentary career.

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7. - At the beginning Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 1:39:13 +0000
He was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1858, and was re-elected three times in succession, serving the last two years as Speaker of the House. In 1858 he also became chairman of the Eepublican State Committee of Maine, which position he continued to hold unin- terruptedly for twenty years; in this capacity he took the lead in shap- ing and directing every Eepublican campaign in his State. At the beginning of the War of the Eebellion he achieved distinction for his parliamentary skill and also for his forensic power in public debates, and warmly supported the cause of the Union.

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8. - He vigorously supported all measures Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 1:20:35 +0000
He was elected to Congress in 1862, and served in the House or Senate altogether for eighteen years as a Eepresentative from 1862 to 1876, and as Senator from 1876 to 1880. Space forbids the mention of more than a few of his important public acts. He vigorously supported all measures for the prosecution of the war; sustained the draft bill, but opposed con- scription; took a leading part in framing and securing the passage of the best reconstruction measures; was the chief author and prin- cipal supporter of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution, and also of the famous " Elaine Amendment " to Mr Stevens's recon- struction bill ; strenuously opposed a deteriorated silver coinage, favor- ing a bimetallic currency; advocated the protection of American ship- ping and the establishment, with a subsidy, of a steamship line be- tween the United States and Brazil; opposed the proposition to pay the public debt in " greenbacks"; and was largely instrumental in intro- ducing postal cars.

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9. - He was Speaker Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 1:07:57 +0000
In brief, his growth in position and influence was both rapid and unbroken; from a single extended speech during his first term he gradually took an active part in the discussions, and rose to a mighty power as an effective debater. Bold in attack, quick in repartee, apt in illustration, and a close student of political history, his accurate knowledge and prodigious memory gave him great advan- tages. He was Speaker of the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses.

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10. - This policy embraced his famous Post Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2008 0:50:08 +0000
Mr Blaine was the leading candidate for the Presidency at the Re- publican National Convention in 1876, rising on the seventh ballot to within twenty-eight votes of a majority. In 1880 he was again before the convention, and a year later President Garfield called him to the chair of Secretary of State, from which he withdrew, however, soon after Garfield's assassination, but not without having framed a foreign policy for the administration. This policy embraced his famous reci- procity measures between the United States and the countries of South America.

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